Valor pronóstico de la baja expresión del receptor de estrógeno en pacientes con cáncer de mama LUMINAL HER2 negativo / Prognostic value of low estrogen receptor expression in patients with luminal HER2-negative breast cancer

Introducción: El subtipo luminal de cáncer de mama es sensible a la terapia antiestrógenica y muestra un mejor pronóstico que el del cáncer de mama con receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano 2 enriquecido (HER2) o triple negativo. Sin embargo, el cáncer de mama tipo luminal es heterogéneo y puede tener características clínicas agresivas. Investigamos las implicaciones clínicas y pronósticas de la baja expresión del receptor de estrógeno en un grupo de carcinomas luminales HER2 negativos. Material y método: Recolectamos los datos de un grupo de 367 cánceres de mama luminales HER2 negativo que eran receptor de estrógeno (RE) positivos y receptor de progesterona (RP) positivos o negativos y los dividimos en RE+ alto (RE) y RE+ bajo (REB). Se definió REB de acuerdo a la úl- tima actualización ASCO /CAP de las recomendaciones del testeo de de RH en cáncer de mama como aquellos con expresión entre 1 y 10%. Analizamos los datos clínico-patológicos y la supervivencia según los grupos de RE y REB. Resultados: Edad media 63,9+12.8 años. Tamaño tumoral: 1,9 +0.9 cm. Se realizó Mastectomía radical modificada en 61% de los pacientes. Tipo histológico más frecuente: Ductal Infiltrante en 89,5% de los casos. Hallazgos que concuerdan con publicaciones de otros centros. Discusión: Los tumores REB resultaron en 1,6%. No hubo diferencias estadísticas en el estadio TNM y tipo histológico. Sin embargo, el grupo REB se asoció con menor edad (47 vs 57 años), tipo luminal B, mayor grado histológico y Ki 67 alto (>30%). Si bien las diferencias en supervivencia global (SG) no fueron significativas (p=0,279), observamos que a partir de los 60 meses de seguimiento la SG fue menor en el grupo REB que en el grupo RE. Conclusiones: La baja expresión del RE se asoció peor pronóstico. Podríamos considerar la baja expresión del RE como marcador pronóstico en el subtipo luminal HER2 negativo de cáncer de mama. Debido a la baja incidencia de casos REB consideramos necesario estudios adicionales con mayor número de pacientes que podrían revelar su papel negativo en el cáncer de mama.

Introduction: The luminal subtype of breast cancer is sensitive to antiestrogenic therapy and shows a better prognosis than human epidermal grow- th factor receptor 2 (HER2) enriched or triple negative breast cancer. However, luminal type breast cancer is heterogeneous and can have aggressive clinical features. We investigated the clinical and prognostic implications of low estrogen receptor expression in a group of HER2-negative luminal carcinomas. Material and method: We collected data from a group of 367 HER2 negative luminal breast cancers that were estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive or negative and divided them into ER + high (ER) and ER + low (ERL). ERL was defined when RE expression was < 10%. We analyzed the clinical-pathological data and survival accor- ding to the ER and ERL groups. Results: ERL tumors resulted in 1.6%. There were no statistical differences in TNM stage and histological type. However, the ERL group was as- sociated with younger age (47 vs 57 years), luminal type B, higher histological grade, and high Ki 67 (> 30% ). Although the differences in overall survival (OS) were not significant (p = 0.279), we observed that after 60 months of follow-up the OS was lower in the ERL group than in the ER group. Conclusions: Low ER expression was associated with a worse prognosis. We could consider low ER expression as a prognostic marker in the HER2-ne- gative luminal subtype of breast cancer. Due to the low incidence of ERL cases, we consider necessary additional studies with a larger number of patients that could reveal its negative role in breast cancer.

Neurotoxicidad orofacial en FOLFIRINOX: ¿Oxaliplatino o Irinotecán? / Oropharyngeal neurotoxicity in FOLFIRINOX: Oxaliplatin or Irinotecan?

El cáncer de páncreas resulta una de las patologías oncológicas con mayor índice de mortalidad en Argentina. Dadala importancia y prevalencia de esta afección, en los últimos años se han desarrollado varias alternativas de tratamiento que incluyen cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia endovenosa. El FOLFIRINOX es uno de los esquemas dequimioterapia de primera línea en los casos de neoadyuvancia y tumores avanzados. El esquema incluye dos drogasneurotóxicas: Oxaliplatino e Irinotecán. Se presentan dos casos de neurotoxicidad orofaríngea durante la infusiónde quimioterapia: un paciente masculino de 38 años y una femenina de 54. En ambos casos la neurotoxicidad fuereversible espontáneamente. Se plantea la disminución de la velocidad de infusión de oxaliplatino y la separación dela administración de ambas drogas como estrategia para la disminución de los efectos adversos(AU)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the oncological pathologies with the highest mortality rate in Argentina. Given the prevalenceof this condition, several treatments have been developed, including surgery, radiotherapy and intravenous chemotherapy.FOLFIRINOX is one of the first-line chemotherapy schemes in cases of neoadjuvant and advanced tumors. The schemeincludes two highly neurotoxic drugs: Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan. We present two cases of oropharyngeal neurotoxicityduring the chemotherapy infusion. A 38 years old male patient and 54 years old female patient. In both cases theoropharyngeal neurotoxicity was spontaneously reversible. The decrease in the rate of infusion of oxaliplatin and theseparation of the administration of both drugs was the strategy for the reduction of adverse effects(AU)

Clinical relevance of galectin-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Identification of biomarkers in lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, has a meaningful clinical relevance in the quest of novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. The glycan-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal-1) modulates tumor progression by mediating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as angiogenesis and tumor immune-escape. Previous works reported the expression of Gal-1 in lung cancer, although its clinical significance remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinicopathologic relevance and prognostic value of Gal-1 expression in a cohort of 103 Stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS: Gal-1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue samples. The percentage of immunoreactive tumor cells and stroma, as well as the presence of blood vessels with positively stained endothelium in the tumor and surrounding normal tissue, were recorded. Results were correlated with the clinicopathologic factors of the patients (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, chi-square test) and overall survival by univariate (Kaplan Meier) and multivariate analyses (Cox regression hazard model). RESULTS: We did not observe significant associations between Gal-1 expression and relevant clinicopathologic features at diagnosis of NSCLC. However, Kaplan Meier analysis revealed a significant association between Gal-1 expression and overall survival, when Gal-1 expression was analyzed on tumor cells alone ("tumor cell percentage") or when an integrated score accounting for tumor cell as well as stromal expression of Gal-1 ("total score") was assessed. Patients showing high Gal-1 expression evidenced a poorer clinical outcome. Furthermore, "total score" remained significantly associated with survival by multivariate Cox regression analysis in the whole cohort of patients, even when controlling for the classical predictors and prognostic factors of NSCLC. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Gal-1 expression may be a useful biomarker for better prediction of the clinical outcome and management of NSCLC patients.

Advances in noninvasive methods for functional evaluation of renovascular disease.

As the number of patients with newly diagnosed renal artery stenosis increases, so has the number of percutaneous transluminal renal-artery angioplasties in the last few years. Deciding the preferred treatment in the clinical setting is fraught with difficulties related to many factors, and there is limited evidence to support angioplasty/stent for any indication. These considerations emphasize the urgent need for improved noninvasive assessment of kidney function in patients with vascular disease. This review will attempt to summarize the available techniques that may potentially be used for measurement of renal function in this context.